Cordless Blower Vac
 |
No items matching your keywords were found.
photo] On The Optical Fiber Splice Loss Testing, And Analysis
Author: Shu Weiming / China Railway 24 Bureau of Nanchang Telecommunication Company
Abstract: This paper describes the causes of optical fiber splice loss, fiber splice loss Test The principle and application of several test methods and calculations, a systematic exposition of the optical fiber splice loss testing of the scientific method.
Keywords: Fiber OTDR splice loss Fiber splice loss performance of optical fiber communication system in an important parameter, the value of the size of the loss of optical transmission system directly affects the overall transmission quality, Cable Construction and maintenance of test, test and analysis using the scientific method to improve the quality of the construction and maintenance of fiber optic cable connecting Care Workers As extremely important, particularly in the further study of long wavelength optical communication performance of single-mode optical fiber, transmission attenuation, precision and maintenance should have some practical significance.
An optical fiber splice loss analysis
1, fiber splice loss causes 1.1 intrinsic loss Intrinsic loss is a natural fiber material loss into the fiber preform after drawing determined that this loss can not be avoided, causing fiber intrinsic loss is mainly due to scattering and absorption, scattering is due to material density uneven generated Rayleigh scattering, absorption is mainly fiber materials of impurities of certain wavelengths of light particles have strong absorption.
1.2 additional loss optical fiber
Additional loss is the loss resulting from fiber-forming, mainly due to bending and microbending optical fiber produced by, in a cable and cable construction process will inevitably have to be bent, so it will produce an additional loss For single-mode fiber, docking of the two fibers, because the mode field diameter fiber core and Package Layer concentricity, roundness parameters of non-core is the difference between optical fiber splice loss will lead to the production of optical fiber in two completely aligned, and ignore the end-clearance cases, splice loss depends on the difference mode field diameter optical fiber , loss is calculated as follow: b = 20lg [1 / 2 (d1/d2 + d2 / d1)], d1 and d2 respectively, the two docking mode field diameter optical fiber, can be seen from the formula, the two-mode optical fiber butt field diameter equal (that is, d1 = d2), their splice loss b = 0.
2, affect the optical fiber splice loss reasons
Fiber splice loss affect the main reasons is the effect of fiber structural parameters and the welding machine welding quality, as well as a number of human factors and mechanical factors, such as optical fiber produced by host disk bend loss optical fiber Cutting Quality cross-section, transverse mismatch, vertical separation, axial tilt.
2, optical fiber splice loss test analysis
1, welding machine on the splice loss estimation theory
Welding machine follow through on the X axis and Y-axis fiber orientation of dislocation adjustment, the most hours in the welding axis displacement, and that can adjust the axis is called a core is open heart method, this method different the power detection, on-site can not know the exact splice loss values, in the adjustment process of the axis and the weld follow through Video camera The detection of the fusion core is the state of information, sent to the welding machine in the program, and then welding machine to calculate the value of splice loss, in fact, precisely, it is only shows the degree of optical axis aligned, does not contain Fiber itself is influenced by the inherent characteristics of the loss, while the OTDR test is backward scattering, which includes optical parameters of different forms of reflection loss, so the data shown in welding machine with the observation of optical fiber connecting section, than the rough estimate loss of fiber connecting point situation, not as a fiber splice loss of real value.
2, OTDR works Backscatter method is high-power narrow pulse of light into the fiber under test, and then detected in the same side to return back along the optical axis of the scattered light power, due to uneven density optical materials, their own flaws and mixed miscellaneous components uneven, when the pulse transmission through optical fiber, optical fiber along the length of each point will rise to Rayleigh scattering, which are part of the total numerical aperture angle into the fiber along the fiber axis reverse transfer to the inputs. Rayleigh scattering of light the same wavelength and the wavelength of incident light, the light scattering point of the incident light power and power is proportional to measure the return back along the optical axis Rayleigh scattering light power can be collected along the transmission loss of information, thus the measured optical attenuation.
Optical time domain reflectometer sends pulses into the input through the optical fiber, while the input to receive one of the Fresnel reflection light and Rayleigh backscattering light, and then become Telecommunications Number, with the time Oscilloscopes On display.
Fiber splice loss using OTDR test time, 1550nm wavelengths on the fiber-optic bending loss sensitive than 1310nm, the fiber splice loss test 1550nm wavelength should be selected to observe the laying of fiber optic cable and optical fiber connecting the optical fiber will bend due to excessive wear and tear caused by increased, but the use of light Optical Power Meter Entire transmission loss test should 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths for the two sub-test. Optical fiber using OTDR monitoring
follow, there are two methods commonly used, first one is the one-way prior to the test method, OTDR fiber connecting in the direction of a joint point of testing, this approach to monitor, test points and connecting points is always fact they are just a cable length of the test Splice is more accurate, test speed, most of the cases to get a more accurate optical fiber connecting the loss value, but the drawback is the loss measured by the value of all single test data can not fully and accurately reflect the true optical loss values follow. As shown:
Figure 1 Optical loss test plan
Second is two-way prior to the test method, OTDR test points and connecting points on one-way monitoring is still the same layout as before, but they have to follow the direction of the best start to do loop end, that end will follow the direction of the beginning each beam tube were 22 short-fiber access, the composition of Central Hui Road, the addition of the loop point, so OTDR splice loss test can detect two-way value, with two-way OTDR testing prior to the fiber, the direction of the test results of two sometimes different, mainly due to fiber core diameter and relative refractive index are not the same (ie, different Brand Or different batches of fiber fusion), not only cause loss of fusion increases, will result in OTDR in both directions (A-ended to ended to A B-side or B side) of the measured values vary greatly, was welding when the two fiber the mode field diameter at the same time, because the mode field diameter of small Rayleigh scattering optical fiber transmission capacity than the large mode field diameter fiber strength, so when this
About the Author
I am China Manufacturers writer, reports some information about swiffer sweeper vac , cordless blower.
|
|
Black & Decker LSWV36 36V Cordless Lithium-Ion Single Speed Handheld Mulcher Blower Vac $159.99 36V Cordless Lithium-Ion Single Speed Handheld Mulcher Blower Vac - LSWV36. Charger |
|
|
Shark SV75 Cordless Pet Perfect Hand Vac $49.99 Shark SV75 Cordless Pet Perfect Hand Vac |
|
|
Black and Decker / CORDLESS HAND VAC / CHV4800 $27.76 Black and Decker - CORDLESS HAND VAC - CHV4800 |
|
|
Euro-Pro / SHARK V1930 CORDLESS VAC / V1930 $50.84 Euro-Pro - SHARK V1930 CORDLESS VAC - V1930 |
|
|
Hoover / Hoover LiNX Cordless Stick Vac / BH50010 $202.4 Hoover - Hoover LiNX Cordless Stick Vac - BH50010 |
|
|
Dirt Devil / Detailer Cordless Hand Vac / MCV2000 $27.84 Dirt Devil - Detailer Cordless Hand Vac - MCV2000 |
|
|
Shop-vac Shop-vac 2-1 2 in Blower Connector 904-27 $5.02 2-1/2? blower connector Connects 2-1/2? extension wand to blower nozzle Brand #: Shop-Vac 904-27 UPC: 026282904270 Keywords: shop vac accessory blower |
|
|
BLACK & DECKER / VAC 15.6v HAND VAC BLACK AND DECKER CHV1510 15.6V CORDLESS HAND VAC / CHV1510 $57.63 BLACK & DECKER - VAC 15.6v HAND VAC BLACK AND DECKER CHV1510 15.6V CORDLESS HAND VAC - CHV1510 |
|
|
Shop Vac 9068300 Blower Concentrator For Blower Vacs $23.34 Greatly increase the air flow and its power with the Blower Concentrator. Just connect it directly to the Extension Wand of your blower vac with a 21/2 opening (about the size of a baseball). |
|
|
HOOVER BH20090 Presto 2in1 Cordless Stick Vac $110.87 The new Hoover Presto 2in1 Cordless Stick Vac features the convenience of two machines in one with a powerful cordless hand and stick vac combo. Keep hard floors and carpet clean with the quick and easy stick vac release the powerful hand vac with one touch for daily spot cleaning. The 3in 1 detachable tool makes it easy to clean hard to reach areas. This 2in1 Stick Vac features 14.4V of cordless power and true cyclonic technology for great cleaning performance. The vacuum includes a rinsable filter made with HEPA media. The Presto Cordless 2in1 Stick Vac offers the ultimate in convenience with a folding handle and charging base for easy and convenient storage in tight spaces. |
|
|
Black & Decker PHV1210 Pivot Vac 12V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac $50 Pivot Vac 12V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac - PHV1210. Flip-Up Brush (On-Board). Extendable Crevice Tool (On-Board). Washable Pre-Filter. Washable Filter - PVF110. Charger |
|
|
Dirt Devil / Gator 18V Cordless Hand Vac / BD10175 $66.63 Dirt Devil - Gator 18V Cordless Hand Vac - BD10175 |
|
|
Euro-Pro / Shark 15.6v Cordless Hand Vac / SV75 $50.89 Euro-Pro - Shark 15.6v Cordless Hand Vac - SV75 |
|
|
Euro-Pro / *** OPEN BOX *** SHARK V1930 CORDLESS VAC / V1930 $34.99 Euro-Pro - *** OPEN BOX *** SHARK V1930 CORDLESS VAC - V1930 |
|
|
Dirt Devil / Gator 10.8V Cordless Hand Vac / BD10100 $44.88 Dirt Devil - Gator 10.8V Cordless Hand Vac - BD10100 |
|
|
Shop Vac 9042700 2.5in Blower Connector For Blower Vacs $20.98 Use this 21/2 connector (opening about the size of a baseball) to attach your 21/2 Extension Wand directly to you ShopVac Blower Vac. For use with Detachable Blower Vacs only. |
|
|
Shop Vac 9197000 Gutter Cleaning Kit For Use With Blower Vacs $38.97 Includes (2) 21/2 Extension Wands a 120 degree Elbow and a Concentrator Nozzle. For use with Detachable Blower Vacs (Catalog Nos. 333xxxx 963xxxx and 931xxxx) or any vac with a blower port. Use with your detachable blower vac or any vac with a blower port (not included) for fast gutter cleanout. |
|
|
CEL POWERblower Cordless Leaf Blower $155.92 Get your yard work done efficiently with this cordless leaf blower. This blower features a rechargeable lithium ion battery with wall-mounted charger for easy storage. Intended use: Cordless Leaf Blower Materials: Plastic, Metal, Electronics Model: BL1 Blower Unit Charger Cordless Blower with Lightweight, Ergonomically Designed Frame Rechargeable 18-volt Li-ion Battery holds its charge for extended run time Battery Charger is Wall-mounted for Convenient Storage Soft Grip Handle for User Comfort18 Volt Lithium Battery Manual included Dimensions: 6 inches x 7 inches x 16 inches |
|
|
Vac N' Blo 500 Hand Vacuum & Blower $89.99 The Metro Vac 'N' Blo 500, pound for pound, is the most powerful hand vacuum/blower on the planet. It produces 500 watts of power using the new state of the art, fan enclosed motor. The Metro Vac 'N' Blo 500 works as both a vacuum cleaner, producing 60" of water lift and a blower, producing an air volume of 70 CFM. Constructed of a durable steel body, with a black powder coat finish. Comes with a complete set of vacuum/blower attachments. Weighs approximately 3 lbs. |
|
|
Black & Decker CWV9610 DustBuster 9.6V Cordless Wet and Dry Hand Vac $39.99 DustBuster 9.6V Cordless Wet and Dry Hand Vac - CWV9610. Squeegee Tool. Washable Filter - WVF110. Charger |
|
|
Factory Reconditioned Black & Decker CHV1210R 12V Cordless Cyclonic Hand Vac $22.99 12V Cordless Cyclonic Hand Vac - CHV1210R. Washable Filter - VF110. Wall Mount Bracket. Charger |
|
|
Black & Decker CHV1210 Dustbuster 12V Cordless Cyclonic Hand Vac $50 Dustbuster 12V Cordless Cyclonic Hand Vac - CHV1210. Washable Filter - VF110. Wall Mount Bracket. Charger |
|
|
Black & Decker PHV1810 18V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac $50 18V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac - PHV1810. Filter. Pre-Filter. On-Board Brush. On-Board Crevice Tool. Charger |
|
|
Black & Decker CWV9608 DustBuster 9.6V Cordless Wet Dry Hand Vac $34.99 DustBuster 9.6V Cordless Wet Dry Hand Vac - CWV9608. Squeegee Tool. Filter - HVF3. Wall Mountable Charging Base |
|
|
Black & Decker DustBuster Bagless Cordless Wet/Dry Hand Vac - Blue $24.99 Use this cordless wet/dry hand vac with powerful 17 air watt suction to clean up spills with ease. |
|
|
Greenworks 24022 12 Amp Two Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac $69.99 12 Amp Two Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac - 24022. Collection Bag. Blower Nozzle Attachment. Vacuum Nozzle Attachment. Owner's Manual |
|
|
Greenworks 24072 12 Amp Variable Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac $59.99 12 Amp Variable Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac - 24072. Collection Bag. Blower Nozzle Attachment. Vacuum Nozzle Attachment. Owner's Manual |
|
|
Remington RM193B 12 Amp Two Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac $59.99 12 Amp Two Speed Electric Mulcher Blower Vac - 41AB193G983. Collection Bag. Blower Nozzle Attachment. Vacuum Nozzle Attachment. Owner's Manual |
|
|
McCulloch 12 Amp 165 MPH 2-Speed Electric Blower/Vac #MCB2205 $23 McCulloch 12 Amp 165 MPH 2-Speed Electric Blower/Vac #MCB2205Clearance Sale |
|
|
Dirt Devil BD10050RED Scorpion Cordless Hand Vac $40.03 The Dirt Devil Scorpion Rechargeable Hand Vac puts convenient power in the palm of your hand. It has powerful suction with 6.0 volts to give you more power for the price. The Quick Flip crevice tool and retractable brush strip allow you to clean small spaces fast. This hand vac is ideal for quick pick ups. With no cord to plug in it provides cordless convenience for everyday use. |
|
|
Factory Reconditioned Black & Decker PHV1210R Pivot Vac 12V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac $34.99 Pivot Vac 12V Cordless Pivoting Hand Vac - PHV1210R. Flip-Up Brush (On-Board). Extendable Crevice Tool (On-Board). Washable Pre-Filter. Washable Filter - PVF110. Charger |